Lectures

• SU-EARTHSYS11 APR012026
• SU-EARTHSYS11 APR032026
• SU-EARTHSYS11 Chapter 2
• SU-EARTHSYS11 APR062026

Stanford UG Y1, Aut

• Decision Making Index
• Computer Systems Index
• CS Probability Index
• Speech Processing Index

Stanford UG Y1, Win

• ODEs Index
• OS Index
• POMDPs Index
• Language Information Index

Stanford UG Y1, Spr

• Optimization Index
• Rust Systems Index
• Signal Processing Index
• NLP Index
• Democracy Index

Stanford UG Y2, Aut

• PL Index
• Theory of Computing Index

Stanford UG Y2, Win

• Complexity Theory Index
• ML Math Index
• Validation Index

Stanford UG Y2, Spr

• Complexity Theory Index
• Compilers Index
• Moral Philosophy Index

Stanford UG Y3, Aut

• Machine Learning Index
• Algorithms Index

Stanford UG Y3, Win

• Medical Ethics Index
• China Economy Index
• Convex Optimization Index
• Gender and Sexuality in East Asia

Stanford UG Y3, Spr

• Geology Index

Stanford UG Talks

Contacts

Talk Contacts

Big Bang

Big Bang: 13 billion years ago

All matter and energy in the Universe started out as infinitesimally small point, universe begin 13.8 / 12.5 billion years ago (dependent measurements).

Coalesce: 200 million years after big bang

Hydrogen, etc., cluster. Swinging nebulae of hydrogen and helium. Proto-planetary disk.

Star formation: 800 million years after big bang

Stellar nucleasynthesis; elements up to 26 protons.

Planet Formation: 5 or 6 million years ago

Planet formulation in the solar system. Rings of “planetesimals” form. As gas and particples start to acrete.

When there are linear planes (i.e. each row at a time), its likely an indicator of a Sedementary Rock.

types of crusts

crusts are generally lighter and more felsic than the mantle.

• continental crust two types thickened / normal
• oceanic crusts

continental drift

• animals: things that can’t cross oceans seems to
• glaciers: big rocks scratch a big hole in the bottom, thus being dragged along and draw an arrow towards the direction of movement
• coal: locations of coals are roughly matched up despite them being very far apart

detractors

• Too hard for continents to plow through
• coastline fitting has no mechanism to explain it

palemagnitism

Earth is a doppler field!

Mid-Ocean ridge

asnthenosphere mantle raises up, creating “pillow basalt”. Sulphide small crabs f

outer core

Outer core is liquid

inner core

Inner core is solid

Three Types of Plate Boundaries

Divergent Boundaries

“Hot Plumbs push crust apart”

1. hot plumb below the from the asnthenosphere
2. normal faults start forming
3. earth crust splits apart, became balsaltic material
4. sinks down
5. seafloor spread!

Convergent Boundaries

Ocean-Ocean case

1. Older, colder, denser plate plunges into younger hotter plate
2. Older plate (hard and dense) submerges below the younger plate

This is also why over convergent boundaries the diving plate becomes “deeper” during collisions