Global Electricity Usage

The amount of non Co2 generating sources have increased.

Yet, the absolute value didn’t decrease; the total rate, especially in the rest of the world, has actually significantly increased.

Trees

One way to remove Co2 is to plant trees; but, any oxidative reactions (respiration, being burnt) will reverse this reaction.

Worms!

they chew on leafs and quarts int smaller pieces,

basalt spreading

Take (mayfic) basalt, spread it everywhere, and enhance silicate weathering. From there they

Lectures

• SU-EARTHSYS11 APR012026
• SU-EARTHSYS11 APR032026
• SU-EARTHSYS11 Chapter 2
• SU-EARTHSYS11 APR062026
• SU-EARTHSYS11 APR102026
• SU-EARTHSYS11 APR132026
• SU-EARTHSYS11 APR202026
• SU-EARTHSYS11 APR222026
• SU-EARTHSYS11 APR242026
• SU-EARTHSYS11 MAY042026
• SU-EARTHSYS11 MAY062026
• SU-EARTHSYS11 MAY182026
• SU-EARTHSYS11 MAY202026

stress is the force per unit area applied to Bending a piece of solid object

geolegical stress regimes

• extensional (normal faults)
• compressional (thrust and rdeverse)
• strike-slip

stratigraphy

How do we understand what different stratum look like for historical dating, etc.,

uniformtarianism

“the past history of our globe must be explained by what seems to be happening right now.”

• an unconformity: a gap in the stratographic record
• if you look at the layers of the earth, if the lower older layers is not flat but the top layers are flat, then the lower layers have been squeezed / deformed in time

basic principles

• superposition: lower is older
• original horizontal: original is flat, tilt is later
• original continuity: if there’s a hole, it was a block before and something cut it
• cross-cutting relationships: if something cuts another thing, the thing that cuts it must be younger

unconformities

if there is some point where there’s a “sharp turn”, we call that an unconformity.

Energy in

Solar energy comes in from the sun. Heat flows out from the deep interior.

• sun’s luminosity changed by 25% over 4B years
• “faint young sun paradox” (“sun is actually dimmer before.”)

Sun spots have an ~11 year cycle, resulting in 0.1 -> 0.2 global temperature change.

Milankovitch Cycles

The eccentricity of the Earth’s cycle wrt sun has increased (cycle become more ovoid).

precession

the axis wrt the earth’s self rotation is slightly rotating