Houjun Liu

ICLR2025 Snell: Optimality of Scaling LLM Test-Time Compute

Compute-Optimal Scaling

Compute-Optimal Scaling is the notion of selecting the optimal configuration (beam width, search budget, etc.) dynamically / for binned question.

Approaches to “Scaling Test-Time Compute”

Three primary approaches:

  • best-of-n: roll out a bunch, reject
  • Beam Search: check against intermediate
  • lookahead search: MCTSish (do lookahead rollouts)

Key insight

  • On easy qusetion, beam search shows over-optimization and best of n is good
  • on medium/hard questions, beam search is better

Lookahead seems bad?

Method

Learning a Value Function

[Wang 2312.08935]

Sequential vs. Parallel Sampling in Scaling Test Time Compute

What’s the trade-off between sampling a bunch in parallel vs. thinking sequentially.

Key insight

  • on easy questions, sequential is best
  • on harder questions, there’s a good ratio of trade offs

Test Time vs. Pretraining compute

Key insight

  • on easy questions, test time scaling is good
  • on medium/hard questions, pretraining scaling is better

Questions

  • why do you think lookahead search works worse/not better than others? is there some problem specific heuristics that trigger this?