Drug Resistance is the process of developing resistance to drugs after some time of use

occurrence of Drug Resistance

Drug Resistance occurs when there’s a mutation that causes macromolecular changes which causes virus to no longer bind the drug but still maintain the same function

The dual space of \(V\), named \(V’\), is the vector space formed by linear functionals on \(V\) (because recall set of linear maps between two vector spaces form a vector space).

constituents

A vector space \(V\)

requirements

\(V’ = \mathcal{L}(V, \mathbb{F})\) , and its a vector space.

additional information

dimension of dual space is equivalent to the original space

\begin{equation} \dim V’ = \dim V \end{equation}

Proof:

Because \(\dim \mathcal{L}(V,W) = (\dim V)(\dim W)\), and \(V’ = \mathcal{L}(V, \mathbb{F})\). Now, \(\dim V’ = \dim \mathcal{L}(V,\mathbb{F}) = (\dim V)(\dim \mathbb{F}) = \dim V \cdot 1 = \dim V\).

Dup15q Syndrome is an autistic syndrome associated with a gain of variant function in UBE3A. It is the opposite of Angelman Syndrome, which is a loss of function result on UBE3A.

Capacitor charging:

\begin{equation} Q = Q_0 (1-e^{-\frac{t}{RC}}) \end{equation}

where \(Q\) is capacitor change at time \(t\), and \(Q_0\) initial change, and \(RC\) the resistance and capacitance.

Where, \(RC\) is called the “time constant”.

\begin{equation} I = \frac{V}{R} (e^{-\frac{t}{RC}}) \end{equation}

Note! these are inverse relationships: as a capacitor CHARGE, the current DROPS.

Dyson’s Model of Life is a theory of origin of life:

1. cells form as machines that perform tasks
2. genes show up later as parasites, eventually forming symbiosis with cells

Read: and so, we can essentially ditch trying to find things characteristics of “cells” per-se like RNA, instead we can go about finding generic boxes of containers called “cells” and see how they evolve.

See also: high chemical activity, metabolism, Stepwise Evolution, and Two Main Functions of Life