It a constant.

\begin{equation} \lim_{n \to \infty} \qty(1- \frac{\lambda}{n})^{n} = e^{-\lambda} \end{equation}

see error-correction code

We want to solve huge POMDP in the real world, but the belief states are huge. Notably, reachable beliefs are very small given an initial belief.

Why is vanilla PCA bad

PCA as a denoising procedure: the underlying data is some data which is normally noised. This is not strictly true, the points don’t have normal noise.

Better PCA: E-PCA

Instead of Euclidean distance, we use

\begin{equation} L(U,V) = \mid X-UV\mid^{2} \end{equation}

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