When there are linear planes (i.e. each row at a time), its likely an indicator of a Sedementary Rock.

types of crusts

crusts are generally lighter and more felsic than the mantle.

• continental crust two types thickened / normal
• oceanic crusts

continental drift

• animals: things that can’t cross oceans seems to
• glaciers: big rocks scratch a big hole in the bottom, thus being dragged along and draw an arrow towards the direction of movement
• coal: locations of coals are roughly matched up despite them being very far apart

detractors

• Too hard for continents to plow through
• coastline fitting has no mechanism to explain it

palemagnitism

Earth is a doppler field!

Mid-Ocean ridge

asnthenosphere mantle raises up, creating “pillow basalt”. Sulphide small crabs f

outer core

Outer core is liquid

inner core

Inner core is solid

Three Types of Plate Boundaries

Divergent Boundaries

“Hot Plumbs push crust apart”

1. hot plumb below the from the asnthenosphere
2. normal faults start forming
3. earth crust splits apart, became balsaltic material
4. sinks down
5. seafloor spread!

Convergent Boundaries

Ocean-Ocean case

1. Older, colder, denser plate plunges into younger hotter plate
2. Older plate (hard and dense) submerges below the younger plate

This is also why over convergent boundaries the diving plate becomes “deeper” during collisions

earthquake energy

…plate tectonics

body waves

Travel through the earth (travel through rock).

p waves

compressional waves, “primary”. first to arrive. can travel through anything.

s waves

move the ground up and down/side to side.

surface waves

Travel through only through the surface, when body waves hit the surface this happens.

L Waves

left and right; circular path left and right. moves faster

R waves

up and down; particles underground follows a circular path up and down. “ocean waves” back and fourth.

OG Theory by Wegener

evidence for continual drift

• fossil distribution
• geologic units (edges of stuff fit together)

criticism

• OG theory couldn’t explain why stuff moved

Seafloor Spreading

• mid-ocean ridges: submarine mountain ranges
• deep-sea trenches: trenches in the depth
• fracture zones: vertical cracks

Paleomagnitism

Because earth magnetic field changes, measuring sediment polarization helps us figure out where stuff moved.

The magnetic poles, unlike other planets, don’t go anywhere. But every so often they reverse.

Background

1. originally, multi-agent team pre-assigns roles
2. LLMs are heterogeneous, but they are treated homogeneously
3. problem decomposition is hard

Eval

synergy

• weak synergy: team >= average member
• strong synergy: team >= best member

Human teams reliably achieve strong synergy IFF when expert identity is given (e.g., the teams easily know who is the expert).

Dataset

NASA moon survival / lost at seay

Rank 15 items by importance

Student body president

Different people are given different information + shared info. Hidden-profile (shared info + unique info must be paired to reveal the right one.)