LOOCV is a cross validation method whereby the entire dataset bar one sample is used for training; then, validation is ran on one sample. This is repeated \(N\) times (with a fresh model and a fresh item left out) to get a distribution of one-shot validation results that is an approximately-normal curve centered around the mean validation result from many one-shot samples.

Reading notes

:claim: Mccarthyism was a process that de-politicized America

Since political activities could get you in trouble, prudent folk avoided them

Social conformaty became standard

middle-class Americans became social conformists

Communism serves as a form of balance checking, which Mccathyism lost

With their demise, the nation lost the institutional network that had created a public space where serious alternatives to the status quo could be presented.

Moderate-left was also diminished

Moreover, with the disappearance of a vigorous movement on their left, moderate reform groups were more exposed to right-wing attacks and thus rendered less effective.

lemmatization is the act of normalizing words into standard meaning irrespective of word variations in order to do a broader analysis

Any two basis of finite-dimensional vector space have the same length.

constituents

• A finite-dimensional vector space \(V\)
• Basis \(B_1\), \(B_2\) be bases in \(V\)

requirements

Given \(B_1\), \(B_2\) are basis in \(V\), we know that they are both linearly independent and spans \(V\). We have that the length of linearly-independent list \(\leq\) length of spanning list.

Let’s take first \(B_1\) as linearly independent and \(B_2\) as spanning:

We have then \(len(B_1) \leq len(B_2)\)

Swapping roles:

We have then \(len(B_2) \leq len(B_1)\)