Representational Harms

System’s representation demeans a social group because it learns about built-in biaes of data

Harms of Censorship

Speech that mention minority group gets sensored because they mention minority groups.

Performance Disparities

For instance, works worse on AAVE. Lack of data, labels, etc.

The heap is a self-managed area of the memory.

malloc

void *malloc(size_t size);

You should pass in the number of bytes; therefore, we need to pass in the number of bytes through something like malloc(sizeof(int)*len). The memory is not cleared out.

calloc

void *calloc(size_t nmemb, size_t size);

Put the number of elements into nmemb, and the size of them into size. Stamp zeros throughout.

strdup

Deep copy a string. strlen, malloc, strcpy, retrun.

free

void free(void *ptr);

Frees whatever the pointer points to. The pointer itself (a stack variable), is not deleted and still points to the freed memory.

Upon initialization, a large contiguous block of memory is initialized as a whole and called the “heap”. If we run out of it, we double the amount of memory being allocated.

1. handling arbitrary requests of mallocs/realloc and frees
2. keep track of what’s been allocated and what’s free
3. decide which segment of memory to use when fulfilling an allocating request
4. respond quickly
5. Return addresses that are 8-byte aligned (native types must be stored at a memory location which is a multiple of its size; otherwise bus error)

Two main goals:

Heap File Organization is an unorganized collection of pages, which is stored in random order.

• create
• get
• write
• delete

must support iterating over all pages