falsification is the process of systematically finding failures of a particular system to inform future design decisions.

Goals:

• enhance system sensors
• change the agent’s policy
• revise the system requirements
• adapt the training of human operators
• recognize a system as having limitations
• …or abandon the project

Here are some methods

direct falsification

• rollout to a ceratin depth
• check if any trajectory is a failure and collect
• return them

drawback: this doesn’t work super well for rare events

We have that:

The change in volts in a relationship to the magnetic flux.

\begin{equation} \epsilon = \oint \vec{E} \cdot \dd{\vec{l}} = - \dv{\Phi_{b}}{t} \end{equation}

where, \(\Phi_{b}\) is the magnetic flux, namely how much magnetic field is through a surface:

\begin{equation} \Phi_{b} = \int \vec{B} \cdot \dd{\vec{A}} \end{equation}

usually, this is just \(BA\).

Note! This tells us that the EMF (electric field per length) is just negative the change of magnetic flux.

One alpha vector per action:

\begin{equation} \alpha^{(k+1)}_{a}(s) = R(s,a) + \gamma \sum_{o}^{} \max_{a’} \sum_{s’}^{} O(o|a,s’)T(s’|s,a) \alpha_{a’}^{k}(s’) \end{equation}

time complexity: \(O(|S|^{2}|A|^{2}|O|)\)

A New Deal program to help long-term families to have home. Tho program lowered down-payment for homes down from \(50\%\) down to only \(<10\%\). This is part of Roosevelt’s New Deal to lower interest rates and increased national home ownership rates. This could have been attributed to programs to stabilize home prices. This specifically helped white families: favoured single-family homes.

The Federal Project Number One is a branch of projects under the WPA which created opportunities for writers, musicians, artists, writers, etc.