ICLR2025 Koyejo

Proposal: Focus AI measurements on the validity of specific terms.

Five pillars of claim making:

• content validity: does your evaluation cover all valuable cases?
• criterion validity: does your evaluation correlate with a known validated standard?
• construct validity: does your evaluation measure the intended construct?
• external validity: does your evaluation generalize across different environments or settings?
• consequential validity: does your evaluation consider the real world impact of test interpretation and use

Open problem: validaty of measurement for claims of HAIC.

Sessions

• ICLR2025 Keynote
• ICLR2025 Adaptive Computation
• ICLR2025 Tokenizer-Free Approaches
• ICLR2025 Context and Retrieval
• ICLR2025 MoE
• ICLR2025 HAIC

Posters

• ICLR2025 Thursday Posters
• ICLR2025 Friday Posters
• ICLR2025 Saturday Posters

Surprises/Takes

• best safety is to actually unlearn the danger
• LLMs: averages representations; Robotics: current point planning
  • substitute data for understanding

Motivation

A fixed amount of experts is activated per task.

Key Insight

MoE++ allows the amount of expert distribution to be adaptive.

Method

Three key contributions:

1. zero-computation experts: discarding input \(E\qty(x) = 0\), copy input \(E\qty(x) = x\) (“skip”), const \(E(x) = \alpha_{a} x +\alpha_{b} v_{\theta}\) (plus normallFFN experts)
2. pathway-aware router (with additional loss augmentation where we learn a \(\tau_{\theta}\) to decide
3. something else I missed

zero-computation experts

1. simple to handle easy tokens quickly
2. new experts is relatively low cost

Motivation

ByteT5 is very expensive (because you have to have a residual on every damn token)

MrT5

MrT5 uses a soft attention masking gate at pretraining time to delete unused tokens; at inference time we use a hard cut.

Cool: MrT5 learns language independent compression rate (different languages have different rates).

motivation

Can we directly extract embeddings from MoE forwarding routing weights (i.e., compared to traditional residual stream information)?

Key Insight

Using residual states vs. forwarding weights as semantic searc embeddings offer complementary strengths (i.e., when one method fails, the other one succeeds more)

Method

Create an aggregate embedding:

\begin{equation} E_{j} = X_{j} + \alpha W_{j} \end{equation}

where \(W_{j}\) is the routing weight of the residual, and \(X_{j}\) is the residual.