did you know you can do matching inline too matching equivalent statements: test (\w+) \1; non-capture group (?:test)

lookaheads

• (?=pattern) true if pattern matches, but doesn’t touch the character pointer
• (?!pattern) true if pattern doesn’t match; also doesn’t advance pointer
• (?:pattern) will advance character pointer but will not create a capture group
• ^beginning of line
• end of line$

a language \(L’\) is a regular language if there exists some DFA \(M\) such that \(L’ = L(M)\).

additional information

a proper subset

a proper subset of a regular language isn’t necessarily regular

regular expressions are equivalent to regular languages

see regular expressions are equivalent to regular languages

properties of regular languages

union

union of two languages includes all strings in a or b:

\begin{align} A \cup B = \qty {w | w \in A\ OR\ w \in B } \end{align}

regularization penalize large weights to reduce overfitting

1. create data interpolation that countains intentional error (by throwing away/hiding parameters), missing some/all of the data points
2. this makes the resulting function more “predictable”/“smooth”

there is, therefore, a trade-off between sacrificing quality and on the ORIGINAL data and better accuracy on new points. If you regularize too much, you will underfit.

For instance, in a linear model:

\begin{equation} \min_{\theta} |y - X \theta|_{2}^{2} + \lambda | \theta |_{2}^{2} \end{equation}

1. zinc binds to zur
2. zur inhibits zinc uptake channels
3. zinc uptake channel gets zoped

reinforcement learning is a decision making method with no known model of the environment at all.

1. agent interacts with environment directly
2. designer provide a performance measure of the agent in the environment
3. agent tries to optimize the decision making algorithm to maximise the performance measure

Note: agent’s own choice of action, in this case, actually influences how the environment works (and what futures the agent sees). So the agent’s actions will influence the environment outcomes