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Igneous Rocks

right and left lateral

right lateral

if the side opposite you move to the right

left lateral

if the side opposite you move to the lfet

Igneous Rocks

location

Volcanic Rocks

“extrusive rock.”

Rocks that solidifed upon eruptive in a volcano. fast cooling, small crystals

Plutonic Rocks

Rocks that solidified underground

“Intrusive rocks.”

Intrusive locks slowly cool and crystallize inside the earth. slow cooling, large crystals

plumbing network

dikes, etc. lubing between

Bowen’s Reaction Series

Since different minerals melt at different tempreatures (as in above), we have a…

Melting Point

REREMEMBERRR

• (denser) mafic rocks crystalize at higher temperatures
• (lighter) felsic rocks crystalize at lower temperaturers

Partial Melting

Partial Melting! This results in the felsic runoff first, and then mafic runoff.

Spreeading centers are ultramafic, which emans that this process mostyl contirbutes a dyversity of tho utputs.

“will it flow or will it blow?”

flow

Mafic magmas is low in sillica and hot; this results in low viscocity, runny magma, low gass content (gas rises faster than magma).

Weathering and Erosion

weathering

Physical or chemical disaggregation of rocks into smaller particles

• physical weathering accounts for roughly \(5.6 \times 10^{15}\) g/yr; more frequent in cold, arid environments
• chemical weathering accounts roughly for \(4.0 \times 10^{15}\) g/yr; more frequent in warm-tropical environments

type of weathering

• physical weathering

  pounding a rock disaggregates it into smaller pieces. breakdown the rock into sediment without changing chemical composition.

  • water limited environments (“stuff is dry”)
  • sites of significant relief

  • fire and freeze-thaw

Sedimentary Rocks

“Any loose, solid particle that may become entrained by a fluid.”

sedimentary rock

• sediment: any loose, solid particle / grain
• sedimentary rock: rock composed of sediment grains

types of sedimentary

detritus

Results of physical weathering

• detritus particles: water / ice / wind
• results in sediment

silicilastics

chemical weathering; non-congruent weathering

• clays
• resistant silicates (quartz, zircon)

carbonates

“precipitate”

carbonates results in congruent dissolution (fully weathered)

Stratigraphy

Each layer of deposit.