• quality of service harm
• distributive harm
• existential harm

what is a type? a type is a set of values.

consider

List[Int]; importantly, List is not a type; its a “type constructor” which takes a type as input (Int) and gives you as type as output List[int].

-> is another “type constructor”; its a type constructor written in infix notation. It takes two arguments, it constructs a type for set of functions which takes an integer as input and maps it to another integer Int -> Int

If you are given the problem, you can learn the parameters by just computing them. For instance, to estimate the parameters of a gaussian, we can compute the mean and variance and shove it in.

There are many different types of uncertainty.

• Outcome Uncertainty: actions may not have known results
• Model Uncertainty: best action in a state may not be known
• State Uncertainty: current state may not be precisely known
• Interaction Uncertainty: interference between models