A z-test is a hypothesis test for statistical significance between two sample proportions. Before it can be conducted, it must meet the conditions for inference for a z-test.

conditions for inference (z-test)

• has to be random
• has to be reasonably normal (vis a vi test for normality)
• each sample has to be independent (or 10% rule)

use a z-statistic to find p-value

1. Given a sample proportion, calculate the sample proportion standard deviation (given on the formula sheet)
2. Then, divide the difference between measured and null proportions to figure \(z\)

that is,

\(0\) is a list of length \(n\) whose coordinates are all zero

Formally—

\begin{equation} 0 = (0,\ldots,0) \end{equation}

A Zero-Sum Game happens during the following situation:

We have two distributions \(X\) and \(Y\). A “Zero-Sum Game” is a case where:

\begin{equation} P(success) = P(Y > X) \end{equation}

(because \(Y>X \implies X< Y\), so there’s no case whereby a situation can both “cause success”).

A zettlekasten is an atomic notetaking system.

Steps:

Lit notes

• brief: < 3 sentences
• write it in your own words

Reference notes

• Take reference notes?

Fleeting Notes

• shower notes

Permanent nodes

• Go through each notes from above, think about how it matters to your research
• Try to explicitly add value to existing ideas
• Try to find meaningful connection between ideas

finding connections

• How does this fit into what I know?
• Can this be explained?

find keywords

• not just to store a note, but how to retrieve it
• “in which circumstance will I need this note”
• “when and how will I need this idea”

a zettlekasten index is an index in a zettlekasten file format; it keeps track of all lists of notes. Head to Index Index for an index of indexes in this particular zettlekasten.